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America’s Space Futures is an important contribution to the ongoing debate about space policy, the American space program, and the human destiny in space. Despite broad, popular, bipartisan support for NASA and the importance of America’s efforts in space, the American space program is adrift, uncertain about the future and unclear about the purposes it serves. Policymakers in the White House and Congress have papered over the uncertainty with compromises that sometimes leave NASA working against itself and no one satisfied. A rising chorus has expressed concern about the lack of vision. In 2012, after the adoption and abandonment of the Vision for Space Exploration to take people to the moon and Mars, the National Academy of Science’s National Research Council became the latest in a long line of expert panels to conclude “There is no strong compelling national vision for the human spaceflight program, which is arguably the centerpiece of NASA’s spectrum of mission areas.” The Space Foundation insists “NASA needs to embrace a singular, unambiguous purpose that leverages its core strengths and provides a clear direction for prioritizing tasks and assigning resources.” America’s Space Futures responds by considering the costs, benefits, and risks of different visions for the American space program. Contributors offer out-of-the-box thinking and analyses that lay out a space future that sets priorities to achieve a specific national goal. These include space commerce and commercialization, maximizing American soft power through international space cooperation, settling the solar system, and advancing the frontiers of technology. Their goal is to raise new ideas, sharpen differences rather than confuse them, and establish better foundations for setting the space program on a path for a brighter future.
The several essays within this Marshall report nicely summarize the history of space ventures, and clarify the current perspective of the more influential thinkers regarding America's ventures in space and possible space futures.This helps to clarify the current administration's focus on research and development efforts, rather than bold goals as such. One of the fatal flaws of such a strategy is not well addressed; that is, research is in large part driven not by pin-in-sky research theory or experimentation, but as part of the process needed to address in this case, the specific hard engineering and biomedical challenges confronted as actual efforts with actual timelines and real risks as the work progresses. The authors fall back to the general positive of maintaining a lead in science, and also do not well address the deeper philosophical and biological issues, notably the essential concept that even a single self-sustained off-earth colony, almost doubles the likelihood of the survival of intelligent life in the universe. So, four stars for expalining the history and present, one less star since the presented rationale is weak, and the essential rationale for space migration is in large part omitted.